聚酰胺纖維,中文名:尼龍(Nylon),纖維學(xué)名為聚酰胺(polyamide)纖維。
是杜邦公司所生產(chǎn)之聚己二酰己二胺之商品名﹐即一般通稱(chēng)為尼龍六六(Nylon 66)。聚酰胺纖維是個(gè)合成高分子聚合物商業(yè)化之合成纖維制品﹐其為在1937年由美國(guó)杜邦公司卡羅瑟斯(Caarothers)研究發(fā)明聚六甲基己二酰胺(即尼龍六六酰)﹐因而開(kāi)啟了合成纖維的頁(yè)﹐其至今仍是聚酰胺纖維的代表。
聚酰胺纖維性能:
聚酰胺纖維突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為耐磨性較其它纖維優(yōu)越﹐其次為它的彈性佳﹐其彈性回復(fù)率可媲美羊毛﹐還有其質(zhì)輕﹐比重為1.14﹐在已商業(yè)化之合成纖維中﹐其僅次于聚丙烯(丙綸﹐比重小于1),而較聚酯纖維(比重1.38)輕﹐因此聚酰胺纖維可加工成細(xì)勻柔軟且平滑之絲﹐供織造成美觀耐用之織物﹐另其同聚酯纖維一樣具耐腐性﹐不怕蟲(chóng)蛀﹐不怕發(fā)霉之優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
聚酰胺纖維之缺點(diǎn)為耐旋光性稍差﹐如在室外長(zhǎng)時(shí)間受日照時(shí)﹐則易生黃﹐強(qiáng)度下降﹐與聚酯絲相比其保型形性較差﹐因此織物較不夠挺拔﹐還有其纖維表面光滑﹐較有蠟狀感﹐關(guān)于這些缺點(diǎn)近年來(lái)已研究出各種改善措施﹐如加入耐光劑以改善耐旋光性﹐或制成異型斷面以改善外觀及光澤﹐以DTY或ATY加工或與其它纖維混紡或交織﹐以改善手感。
聚酰胺纖維之各種性能再詳述如下﹕
1﹑耐磨性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐磨性是所有紡織纖維中好的﹐同條件下﹐其耐磨性為棉花之10倍﹐羊毛之20倍﹐嫘縈(rayon)之50倍﹐如在毛紡或棉紡中摻入15%之聚酰胺纖維﹐則其耐磨度比純羊毛料或棉料提高3倍。
2﹑斷裂強(qiáng)度﹕衣料用途聚酰胺纖維長(zhǎng)纖其斷裂強(qiáng)度為5.0~6.4g/d﹐產(chǎn)業(yè)用之高強(qiáng)力絲則為7~9.5 g/d甚至更高﹐其濕潤(rùn)狀態(tài)之?dāng)嗔褟?qiáng)度約為干燥狀態(tài)之85%~90%。
3﹑斷裂伸度﹕聚酰胺纖維之?dāng)嗔焉於纫榔贩N之不同而有所差異﹐強(qiáng)力絲之伸度較低在10~25%間﹐一般衣料用絲25~40%﹐其濕潤(rùn)狀態(tài)之?dāng)嗔焉於燃s較干燥狀態(tài)高3~5%。
4﹑彈性回復(fù)率﹕聚酰胺纖維之回彈性﹐長(zhǎng)纖之伸度10%時(shí)﹐其彈性回復(fù)率為99%﹐而聚酯在相同狀況下為67%﹐嫘縈則僅32%。
5﹑耐疲勞性﹕由于聚酰胺纖維之彈性回復(fù)率好﹐因此其耐疲功性也佳﹐其耐疲勞性與聚酯絲接近而高于其它化學(xué)纖維及天然纖維﹐在相同之試驗(yàn)條件下聚酯酰胺纖維之耐疲勞性比棉纖維高7~8倍﹐比嫘縈高幾拾倍。
6﹑吸濕性﹕聚酰胺纖維之吸濕性比天然纖維和嫘縈低﹐但在合成纖維僅次于聚氯乙烯醇(PVA,維綸)而高于其它合成纖維﹐nylon 66在溫度20攝氏度﹐相對(duì)濕度65%時(shí)之含水率為3.4~3.8﹐nylon 6則為3.4~5.0﹐故聚酰胺六之吸濕性略高于聚酰胺六六。
7﹑染色性﹕聚酰胺纖維之染色性較天然纖維及嫘縈困難﹐但仍較其它合成纖維易染色﹐一般以酸性染料染色。
8﹑光學(xué)性質(zhì)﹕聚酰胺纖維具雙折射(birefringence)﹐雙折射隨延伸比變化很大﹐其在充分延伸后﹐尼龍六六纖維之縱向折射率為1.528﹐橫向折射率為1.519﹐尼龍六纖維之縱向折射率為1.580﹐橫向折射率為1.530﹐聚酰胺纖維表面光澤度較高﹐通常于聚合添加二氧化鈦消光。
9﹑耐旋光性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐旋光性能較差﹐于聚合時(shí)添加耐光劑制成纖維后可改善耐旋光性能。
10﹑耐熱性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐熱性不佳﹐在150攝氏度時(shí)歷經(jīng)5小時(shí)即變黃﹐170度開(kāi)始軟化﹐到215度開(kāi)始熔化﹐nylon 66耐熱性要較nylon 6好﹐其安全溫度分別為130及90度﹐熱定型溫度高不能超過(guò)150度﹐好在120度以下﹐但聚酰胺纖維耐低溫性佳﹐即使在零下70度之低溫使用﹐其彈性回復(fù)率變化不大。
11﹑耐化學(xué)品性﹕聚酰胺纖維耐堿性佳﹐但耐酸性則較差﹐在一般室溫調(diào)件下﹐其可耐7%之﹐20%之﹐10%之硝酸﹐50%之燒堿浸泡﹐結(jié)果都不受腐蝕﹐因此聚酰胺纖維適用于防腐蝕工作服﹐另外其可用做漁網(wǎng)﹐不怕海水浸蝕﹐尼龍漁網(wǎng)要比一般漁網(wǎng)壽命長(zhǎng)3~4倍。
聚酰胺纖維之用途:
聚酰胺纖維可制成長(zhǎng)纖或短纖,其用途如下:
1﹑長(zhǎng)纖:聚酰胺長(zhǎng)纖可單獨(dú)使用,也可與其它纖維交織,也可假捻加工成加工絲供針織或平織用途,在內(nèi)衣用途可用于男女兒童服裝、被套面料、襪子、雨衣等?另聚酰胺纖維用于航天員外衣之外層及內(nèi)里,利用其高度強(qiáng)度來(lái)保護(hù)航天員不受外層空間隕石之襲擊,在家飾布可用于窗簾布、浴簾布及雨傘布等,在產(chǎn)業(yè)用途可用于漁網(wǎng)、濾布、纜繩、輪胎簾布、輪送帶襯布及降落傘布等?由于其強(qiáng)力高、耐沖擊、耐磨性佳,用于輪胎簾布制成輪胎后其行駛里程較以往之嫘縈輪胎簾布行駛之里程高,據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明聚酰胺輪胎簾布輪胎可行駛約三十萬(wàn)公里,而嫘熒縈輪胎簾布輪胎僅能行駛約十二萬(wàn)公里,使用于輪胎簾布之聚酰胺長(zhǎng)纖以尼龍六六為大宗,其占尼龍六六纖維使用量約50%。
2﹑短纖:聚酰胺短纖與長(zhǎng)纖相比在美國(guó)其使用量約占21%,在地毯用纖維中,短纖維占90%以上,而聚酰胺纖維又占地毯纖維用量之53%,另外其可與其它纖維混紡用于襪子、華達(dá)呢布料、凡立丁布料、毛毯、濾布等。
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PA6 德國(guó)弗瑞圣塔 FRIANYL B63 SGGV2010:
FRIANYL A 63 AL40 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 CU90 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 CV20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 CV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 E0 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 FK1020 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 GV30 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A 63 H Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A 63 HGV50 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 HHGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 H-HS06 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 HS28 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 HSG30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 KV20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 KV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 KV50 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 M2 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 NS10 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 NV2 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 RV0 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 SGGV2010 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 TFGV1530 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0GV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0GV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0GV35 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0VNGV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V0VNGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 V2 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 VNGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 W Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 WGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A 63 WGV55 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 AL60 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 AV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 AV20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL A63 BR60 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 BR80 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 CV10 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 CV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 CV40 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 CV-CM 0515 9005/Z
FRIANYL A63 CV-CM 0830 9005/Z
FRIANYL A63 CVCU 0550 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 E Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 FK 2010 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV 5 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV10 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV35 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV40 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 GV50 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HGV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HGV20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL A63 HGV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HGV30 9005/J Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HGV35 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HH Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HH SGGV 2020 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HHFK 1020 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 HH-GV25 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 HHKV15 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 HH-TFGV 1530 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 HSG50 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV10 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV35 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 HSGV40 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 K Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 KF30 M2 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 KV35 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 RV0 9005 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 S20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 SG10 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 VN Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 VN-SG30 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL A63 W-GV20 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 W-GV25 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 WGV35 Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 WGV55 9005/C Nylon 66
FRIANYL A63 WKV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL ARX HGV15 Nylon 66
FRIANYL ARX HGV30 Nylon 66
FRIANYL ARX HGV40 Nylon 66
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FRIANYL ARX N Nylon 66
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FRIANYL B 63 NS10 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B 63 S Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 S10 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 SG30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 SG40 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 V0 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 V0GV25 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 V0GV30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 V2 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B 63 VNGV25 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B 63 WGV25 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 AV30 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 GV20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 GV25 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 GV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 GV40 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 H Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 H SG30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 H SG40 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HGV25 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HGV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HGV50 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HH Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HHGV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HKV30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSGV 5 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSGV10 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSGV15 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSGV25 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 HSGV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSGV40 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 HSKV20 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 HSSGGV2010 Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 K Nylon 6
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FRIANYL B63 L-HS-GV15 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 LHSGV30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 M2 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 MG30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 NS Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 OGV15 7016/K Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 OGV30 7016/K Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 OGV30 9005/E Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 OGV40 9005/W Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 OGV50 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 S20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 SG10 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 SG40 1102/C Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 SGGV2010 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 SGGV2515 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 S-GV20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 SI20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 TF20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 TF30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 TFGV1520 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 TFGV1530 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 UF Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 UVN Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 V0 9005 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 V0GV30 1102/T Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 V0GV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 VN Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 W Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WGV15 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WGV35 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 W-KF30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WKV10 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WKV20 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WSG30 Nylon 6
FRIANYL B63 WSGGV2010 Nylon 6
FRIANYL C73 GV15 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 GV30 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 GV40 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 H-GV15 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 H-GV30 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 HS28 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 HSGV30 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 MG40 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 MHS3005 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 S10 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 T Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL C73 TFGV1530 Nylon 66/6
FRIANYL HSG30 Nylon 66